PMDD 101
What is PMDD?
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe, hormone-related condition that affects mood, body, and daily life. While many people experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), PMDD is much more intense. Symptoms can feel overwhelming, often disrupting work, relationships, and overall wellbeing. PMDD is officially recognised in both the DSM-5 and ICD-11 as a medical and psychiatric condition.
Symptoms & Diagnosis
PMDD symptoms usually appear in the luteal phase: the 1–2 weeks before your period and
ease once menstruation begins.
Common symptoms include:
Severe mood swings, irritability, or anger.
Depression, hopelessness, or suicidal thoughts.
Anxiety or feeling “on edge”.
Fatigue, low energy, or sleep problems.
Physical changes such as bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, or muscle/joint pain.
Trouble concentrating or remembering things.
Diagnosis is based on tracking symptoms across at least two cycles.
Why Does PMDD Happen?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood.
Current research suggests:
Sensitivity to normal hormone changes (oestrogen and progesterone).
Links to serotonin and other brain chemicals.
Genetic and environmental factors.
Common overlap with conditions like ADHD, anxiety, or depression.
Treatment & Management
There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment, but many people find relief through a mix of approaches:
Medical treatments: SSRIs, hormonal therapies (such as contraceptives or GnRH agonists), and in severe cases, surgery.
Lifestyle support: balanced nutrition, regular movement, stress reduction, and quality sleep.
Therapy: CBT, DBT, and other psychological supports.
Complementary options: some people try supplements, mindfulness, or acupuncture (research is still evolving).
What helps one person may not help another – finding the right combination with professional support is key.
Lived Experience Voices
“PMDD feels like becoming a different person every month.
Discovering it had a name was the first step in taking back my life.”
Sharing real experiences helps others feel seen and understood.
Getting Help
If you think you may have PMDD:
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Track your cycle and symptoms – write them down or use an app.
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Talk to a healthcare provider and bring your records with you.
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Reach out for support – connect with others who understand (see our Resources page).
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Stay safe – if you experience suicidal thoughts, please reach out immediately to a crisis helpline.
NZ Crisis Helplines:
Lifeline: 0800 543 354
Suicide Crisis Helpline: 0508 828 865
Need to Talk: Text or call 1737 anytime